ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in China from 2017 to 2019 and molecular typing of Bacillus anthracis isolated from some provinces (autonomous regions). Methods: Surveillance data of anthrax cases reported from 2017 to 2019 in the Infectious Disease Surveillance information System of China Disease Prevention and Control and the Public Health Emergency Reporting and Management Information System were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, including the temporal, geographic and demographic distribution of this disease. A total of 47 strains of Bacillus anthracis isolated from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed by canSNP and MLVA15. Results: A total of 951 cases of anthrax were reported from 2017 to 2019, of which 938 were cutaneous anthrax, representing 98.63% of the total number reported. It was mainly distributed in the west and northeast of China, and the three provinces with the highest number of cases were Gansu (215), Sichuan (202) and Qinghai (191). Cases had been reported throughout the year, more cases occurred in the summer and autumn, and August was the month with the most cases,66.35% (211/318), 72.32% (243/336) and 68.01% (202/297) of cases were reported during June to September. The age distribution was mainly between 20 and 59 years old, accounting for more than 80% of all cases. The number of male cases was significantly higher than that of female cases, the ratio of male to female was about 3∶1. The occupations were mainly herdsmen and farmers, accounting for 49.70% to 58.18% and 31.45% to 36.70%, respectively. Public health events occurred every year, and 29 events had been reported from 2017 to 2019. canSNP analysis showed that 37 of the 47 strains belonged to the A.Br.001/002 subgroup and 10 belonged to the A.Br.Ames subgroup. MLVA15 analysis showed that there were 17 genotypes, of which 10 genotypes contained only one strain. Conclusion: Cutaneous anthrax was the predominant clinical type in China from 2017 to 2019.The seasonal, geographic and demographic distribution characteristics were evident.Molecular typing methods such as canSNP and MLVA15 can be used to trace the source of infectious diseases and provide technical support for anthrax prevention and control.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anthrax/prevention & control , Bacillus anthracis/genetics , China/epidemiology , Molecular Typing , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Skin Diseases, BacterialABSTRACT
An early report received from Dahuk province of Northern Iraq suggests an outbreak of Anthrax in humans. Three villages in the district of Aqra in Dahuk province reported 37 suspected cases of Cutaneous anthrax. Earlier anthrax has been laboratory confirmed in animals in same area by the state veterinary services and deaths of livestock have been reported from the same villages reporting suspected cases of cutaneous anthrax. Similar suspected cases of human Cutaneous anthrax and animal deaths have also been reported from Afghanistan and are currently being investigated
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Outbreaks , Anthrax/diagnosis , Anthrax/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Comprehensive Health Care , Anthrax/diagnosis , Anthrax/epidemiology , Anthrax/prevention & control , Legislation as Topic , Health Surveillance , Zoonoses , PeruABSTRACT
En el estado de Zacatecas se dispone de pocos datos epidemiológicos y epizootiológicos del ántrax y se desconoce la magnitud real de la enfermedad. Entre 1981 y 1983 se presentaron tres pequeños brotes epidémicos que afectaron a 34 personas en dos municipios. Todos los casos de ántrax en humanos se relacionaron con defunciones recientes de bovinos infectados que se habían destazado para ingerir su carne. La enfermedad fue más frecuente entre los hombres (55,8%) que entre las mujeres (44,1%) y el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 35 a 54 años. La sintomatología fue semejante en todos los casos y se caracterizó por lesiones con pústula negra. La mayoría de los enfermos habían recibido tratamiento médico o se medicaban con remedios caseros cuando se detectaron. Algunos pacientes manifestaron dolor, malestar y fiebre, lo que puede atribuirse a complicaciones causadas por un tratamiento inadecuado ya que en algunos casos se prescribieron antiinflamatorios, pomadas exfoliantes e, incluso, compresas calientes. Aproximadamente la mitad de los enfermos se habían quemado las heridas por diversos procedimientos que son de uso común en la región como medida terapéutica. Los Servicios Coordinados de Salud Pública en el estado de Zacatecas proporcionaron tratamiento médico con penicilina procaína a razón de 800 000 U cada 12 horas hasta que desaparecieron las lesiones. No hubo ningún caso mortal en humanos. Por su parte, la Dirección de Ganadería de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidráulicos emprendió la vacunación de los animales susceptibles de contraer la enfermedad y orientó a las comunidades sobre la incineración y el enterramiento de los animales muertos. Sin embargo, las disposiciones sobre el control de los animales resultan poco eficaces debido a que las coberturas de vacunación son bajas y no se aplican medidas adecuadas con respecto a los pastizales contaminados donde pasta el ganado